How to use Multiple Database Connections in Laravel 9?

Hi Guys,

Are you looking to connect multiple database connections in laravel 9 application? Sometimes, you may come across a situation where you need to deal with more than one database. In this article, we study how to use multiple database connections in laravel 9 application. Laravel provides support for multiple database connections in its core it self.

In this article, we will discuss the “How to use Multiple Database Connections in Laravel 9”. In some conditions, we need to connect multiple databases to the Laravel application.

As we know sometimes we need to use multiple database connections like MySQL, MongoDB, etc. I can say when you work with a large number of projects then you will need maybe. So let's follow step by steps.

Download Laravel

Let us begin the tutorial by installing a new laravel application. if you have already created the project, then skip following step.

composer create-project laravel/laravel example-app

Set ENV Variable:

Here, you need to set configuration variable on .env file. let's create as bellow:

.env

DB_CONNECTION=mysql
DB_HOST=127.0.0.1
DB_PORT=3306
DB_DATABASE=mydatabase
DB_USERNAME=root
DB_PASSWORD=root
   
DB_CONNECTION_SECOND=mysql
DB_HOST_SECOND=127.0.0.1
DB_PORT_SECOND=3306
DB_DATABASE_SECOND=mydatabase2
DB_USERNAME_SECOND=root
DB_PASSWORD_SECOND=root

Database Configuration:

Now, as we created variable in env file, we need to use that variable on config file so let's open database.php file and add new connections key as like bellow:

config/database.php

<?php
  
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
  
return [ 
    'default' => env('DB_CONNECTION', 'mysql'),
    'connections' => [
        'mysql' => [
            'driver' => 'mysql',
            'url' => env('DATABASE_URL'),
            'host' => env('DB_HOST', '127.0.0.1'),
            'port' => env('DB_PORT', '3306'),
            'database' => env('DB_DATABASE', 'forge'),
            'username' => env('DB_USERNAME', 'forge'),
            'password' => env('DB_PASSWORD', ''),
            'unix_socket' => env('DB_SOCKET', ''),
            'charset' => 'utf8mb4',
            'collation' => 'utf8mb4_unicode_ci',
            'prefix' => '',
            'prefix_indexes' => true,
            'strict' => true,
            'engine' => null,
            'options' => extension_loaded('pdo_mysql') ? array_filter([
                PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_SSL_CA => env('MYSQL_ATTR_SSL_CA'),
            ]) : [],
        ],
        'mysql_second' => [
            'driver' => 'mysql',
            'url' => env('DATABASE_URL_SECOND'),
            'host' => env('DB_HOST_SECOND', '127.0.0.1'),
            'port' => env('DB_PORT_SECOND', '3306'),
            'database' => env('DB_DATABASE_SECOND', 'forge'),
            'username' => env('DB_USERNAME_SECOND', 'forge'),
            'password' => env('DB_PASSWORD_SECOND', ''),
            'unix_socket' => env('DB_SOCKET_SECOND', ''),
            'charset' => 'utf8mb4',
            'collation' => 'utf8mb4_unicode_ci',
            'prefix' => '',
            'prefix_indexes' => true,
            'strict' => true,
            'engine' => null,
            'options' => extension_loaded('pdo_mysql') ? array_filter([
                PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_SSL_CA => env('MYSQL_ATTR_SSL_CA'),
            ]) : [],
        ],
.....

Getting Data from Multiple Database using DB:

I will give write two routes with getting products from different database connections. you can see simple example with DB.

let's add two routes in your file:

routes/web.php

<?php
  
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Route;
  
/*
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Web Routes
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
| Here is where you can register web routes for your application. These
| routes are loaded by the RouteServiceProvider within a group which
| contains the "web" middleware group. Now create something great!
|
*/
  
Route::get('/get-mysql-products', function () {
    $products = DB::table("products")->get();
      
    dd($products);
});

Route::get('/get-mysql-second-products', function () {
    $products = DB::connection('mysql_second')->table("products")->get();
      
    dd($products);
});

Multiple Database Connections with Migration:

you can create separate migrations for multiple database connections:

Default:

<?php

/**
 * Write code on Method
 *
 * @return response()
*/
public function up()
{
    Schema::create('blog', function (Blueprint $table) {
        $table->increments('id');
        $table->string('title');
        $table->string('body')->nullable();
        $table->timestamps();
    });
}

Second Database:

<?php

/**
 * Write code on Method
 *
 * @return response()
*/
public function up()
{
    Schema::connection('mysql_second')->create('blog', function (Blueprint $table) {
        $table->increments('id');
        $table->string('title');
        $table->string('body')->nullable();
        $table->timestamps();
    });
}

Multiple Database Connections with Model:

Default:

<?php
  
namespace App\Models;
  
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
  
class Product extends Model
{
    use HasFactory;
    
    /**
     * The attributes that are mass assignable.
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $fillable = [
        'name', 'detail'
    ];
}

Second Database:

<?php
  
namespace App\Models;
  
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
  
class Product extends Model
{
    use HasFactory;
  
    protected $connection = 'mysql_second';
    
    /**
     * The attributes that are mass assignable.
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $fillable = [
        'name', 'detail'
    ];
}

Multiple Database Connections in Controller:

Default:

<?php
  
use App\Models\Product;
    
class ProductController extends BaseController
{
    /**
     * Write code on Method
     *
     * @return response()
     */
    public function getRecord()
    {
        $products = Product::get();
        return $products;
    }
}

Second Database:

<?php

use App\Models\Product;
  
class ProductController extends BaseController
{
    /**
     * Write code on Method
     *
     * @return response()
     */
    public function getRecord()
    {
        $product = new Product;
        $product->setConnection('mysql_second');
        $something = $product->find(1);
        return $something;
    }
}

I hope it can help you...